Autism in America - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1257 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/02/14 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Autism Essay Did you like this example? â€Å"Its not who you are underneath its what you do that defines you.† This quote from Rachel Dawes in Christopher Nolan’s Batman series defines Bruce Wayne for the rest of the series. Autism Spectrum Disorder is also something that is a defining factor of life for many children. Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental disorder, that causes social, behavioral, and communication challenges. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Autism in America" essay for you Create order This is caused by the lack of medical knowledge up until the recent decades. People who were on the low functioning end of the spectrum in the past they were treated horribly and locked away like lab animals. There are people who believe Autism Spectrum Disorder developed when children were given vaccines, and people also believe that Autism Spectrum disorder stems from the changes in food. However, people with Autism Spectrum Disorder have always existed in America, but they only started to become more prevalent in recent centuries. In America during the early nineteenth century people who had Autism Spectrum Disorder were looked down upon. They were treated horribly and segregated from the rest of humanity. John Donovan and Caren Zucker authors of â€Å"Autism in Early America† mention, â€Å"Howe was appalled by the horrifying conditions in which many idiots lived crammed into almshouses, kept in cages, left to wander unwashed and uncared for (Donovan et. Al).† This example was not uncommon for people on the Autism spectrum. Since the people that lived here were not well taken care of and left to their own devices this was a large reason as to why Autism went underdiagnosed during the nineteenth century. Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe was the lead on changing the way the United States of America viewed Autistic people. He worked for better treatment of these people which helped to lead a cultural shift in society. Dr. Howe when developing his diagnosis of Autism looked for the root cause of intellectu al disability. In the later part of the nineteenth century he went to the state legislature to ask for fund for a school to prove people that were so called â€Å"idiots† could be educated. His work at the school was successful enough that the legislature gave him money to open a second school. After these schools opened several more opened after providing education to people who were Autistic or â€Å"idiots.† Sadly, Howe’s institutions fell victim to two problems. First, they were provided education, but it was not the quality of education that people who do not have disabilities were provided. Second during the twentieth century many of the schools fell into disarray and were shut down since no one kept up with them. Dr. Howe’s efforts finally paid off in 1991. A law was passed creating federal rights for students who have Autism Spectrum Disorder. In 1991 under president George H. W. Bush a law was passed making it so that students who had disabilities have the federal right to be in the same schools as everyone else. The reason this law was created and passed was for the purpose of bringing students with disabilities out of separate schools and into public schools. Jackie Jones in the article states, â€Å"DASP provides professional development and technical assistance to make the postsecondary experience more accessible to autistic students, †¦ (Jackie Jones).† DASP is a program that was able to be created because of the law passed by George H. W. Bush. This program at the time of the article’s publishing was three years old. It has helped students at university ease into college life; and this has made socialization a bit easier for them. The work in this program also provides technologies that are adapted to the needs of the university’s Autistic students. DASP also provides a sense of community for the special needs students who may feel like they are the only ones that have Autism Spectrum Disorder. Research on this matter has continued since the start of this program as we look towards the future on how to treat Autism Spectrum Disorder. Around this time in the 90s Autism Spectrum Disorder started to rise in numbers. People started to have more vaccinations and food started to change. As people who started research and said that autism only started to develop out of these changes in food and the increase of vaccinations. Research has been done over the last 150 years and we have learned a lot but still have much more to do. The medical community knows only a little more than we did during the nineteenth century. Research that has been done since then has now given us signs of what to look for in children. The article argues, â€Å"With growing numbers of families across the country affected by autism spectrum disorder over all one in 88 children will be diagnosed with A.S.D., and one in 54 boys †¦ (â€Å"Study Suggests More Services Needed for Young Adults.†)† Now that the medical community has guidelines of how to diagnose Autism. It may have led to another problem being an over diagnosis of the developmental disorder. Overdiagnosis is a problem because the guidelines become blurry again making it harder to diagnose. A problem that stems off overdiagnosis is that people who really need the help will not get covered by insurance and the Special Education portions of schools do not get proper funding. People’s attitude towards Autism have become more positive. Although there are still some people who are not quite as accepting of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Churches and parishes have started to provide programs, but most are not willing to put the extra step forward to help these families. As we go further ahead in time, we hope to gain better treatment for people and families that have been affected by Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism has defined the lives of many people over the years. The lives of people that were Autistic in the nineteenth century were horrid. They were isolated into almshouses and left in horrendous conditions and they were labeled as â€Å"idiots†. This led to Autism being under diagnosed for several years. In 1991 president George H. W. Bush passed a law that created federal rights for all students that have disabilities to be in the same schools as students without disabilities. As people with Autism and the medical community look to the future, they look to gain more knowledge about the developmental disorder and for people to become even more accepting of the disorder. There has also become an overdiagnosis which has led to problems for people that need help and can not get it because of insurance companies not wanting to cover those needs. In conclusion people that have Autism Spectrum Disorder since the nineteenth century have been treated differently over the years from a nimals in the past to now being given equal treatment and education as other students who are not disabled. Works Cited Donovan, John and Caren Zucker. â€Å"Autism in Early America.† Smithsonian, vol. 46, no. 9, Jan. 2016, pp. 114–121. EBSCOhost, lscsproxy.lonestar.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=trueAuthType=ip,cpidcustid=s1088435db=a9hAN=112184286site=ehost-live. Jones Jackie. â€Å"Autism in Academia.† Chronicle of Higher Education, vol. 58, 17 Mar. 2012, pp. 38–42. EBSCOhost, lscsproxy.lonestar.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=trueAuthType=ip,cpidcustid=s1088435db=a9hAN=73825805site=ehost-live. â€Å"Study Suggests More Services Needed for Young Adults.† America, vol. 206, no. 19, June 2012, pp. 6–7. EBSCOhost, lscsproxy.lonestar.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=trueAuthType=ip,cpidcustid=s1088435db=a9hAN=76247145site=ehost-live.

Summary Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 1545 Words

Tenure of Terror Terrorists express their loathing for those outside their coalition by stifling growth and opportunity. A person who despises another based on skin color, religion, sexual orientation, or political belief is essentially a bigot. A hater. A bad seed. However, this same individual gains power and credibility when banded together with those of like mind. At once, the brotherhood becomes a fraternity, a circle in which radical attitudes and the spewing of hatred finds a friend. How can there be a community of people that operates a hate organization in today s society? With the youth of today becoming more integrated and accepting, how is it that racism can flourish? Although on the surface it appears that people are open†¦show more content†¦Becoming a coalition at once, the antagonism radiating within one s heart finds congeniality. Members of the Klan ranged from â€Å"small farmers and laborers to planters, lawyers, merchants, physicians and ministers,† but members today are those of middle-class America (History par. 5). Although the Ku Klux Klan started off as a fraternal terrorist group, in recent times they’ve adopted abuse, sex crimes, and theft to their list of bad actions. This suggests that Klan members commit many â€Å"non-ideological crimes† and have criminality running through their veins (Anti-Defamation par. 8). Over this organization’s fluctuating history, their violent tendencies have grown so strong that â€Å"a number of Klan groups tend to attract people with violent or antisocial natures,† assuming that everyday white people have slowly migrated away from such a club (Anti-Defamation par. 8). The KKK is a racist, illiberal, dogmatic movement with a commitment to violence in order to achieve its goals of racial segregation and white supremacy. It is perhaps easier to expose the ugliness within while masking the identity of the hate ridden. A coward hides shamefully withholding the expression of their feelings. But, disguise that cowardly one, and suddenly, they have the strength of ten men. Hence, the cloak wearing masked men and women of the Ku Klux Klan. These individuals have one mission, and one mission only: purify America,

Customer Relationship Management Business Organisation

Question: Discuss about theCustomer Relationship Managementfor Business Organisation. Answer: Introduction: Customer Relationship Management System is a tool that describes the link the business has with its customers. It not only involves capturing all quantitative information relating to the customers of the business, but also capturing qualitative aspects of serving those customers. Thus, CRM system first aims to locate and gather the basic information of all the customers. Thereafter those information is used to fulfil the needs of the existing customers and attracting new ones in the process, thereby expanding the market of the business. Concept of CRM: Customer relationship management is a strategy, process and includes technology that business organisation uses to manage their customers and their interaction points. CRM can be perceived as tactics that convert existing customers into loyal customers by not only fulfilling their requirements but also considering their individual choice. It focuses on building customer trust which results in a strong and healthy customer relationship. (Ajmera et al., 2013). How CRM helps firms achieve customer intimacy: Now days, due to the rapid increase in globalisation and internet marketing and sales, the need of customers have become dynamic and uncertain. In such situation, it has become very essential for firms to understand how the need and preference of customers are changing with the options available to them in the market. CRM help firms in assessing such needs by constantly being in touch with them and offering the best possible deals that will enable them retain as their customer (Khodakarami and Chan, 2014). CRM uses the following tools/strategies that enable firms achieve customer intimacy: Developing quality in order to achieve customer satisfaction. Increase marketing strategies to convert regular customers into loyal customers thus improving the bottom line Providing constant help and support, both online and offline enabling in improving efficiency Create business plans that are based on the predictions and analysis of past service and sales trends. Creating central databases that is open for the whole organization to identify customer patterns (Pedronet al. 2016). Automation in sales by online means. Example- self order, e payment etc. Popular tools used under CRM system in organisations. Example- McDonald in the food and beverage industry is one of the example companies that has created huge database i.e. history of customers, their buying pattern, amount and quality of products, etc are maintained. McDonald has maintained customer interaction with the use of customer involvement points. Physical Deployment of Personnel: Under small scale businesses, where the market is located in a particular area most often, the best way to have customer intimacy is through one-to-one interaction. Volunteers and other personnel are deployed to gather information and maintain customer records physically/online, for catering to the needs of the customers ("Comparing CRM systems", 2015,). Web Based Technology based CRM softwares: Under large scale business organisations, the firms use several web based CRM softwares like CiviCRM, Salesforce, etc. to report its CRM activities. These software are mostly custom-made, based on the requirements of the business and act as data mining tools which help the business take accurate decisions on sales, marketing, changing business trends etc (Chien, 2015). Social Media tools like Facebook, Twitter, Linkedinetc. Most popular and easy accessible social media acts as both marketing and CRM tools for all business organisations. Open Platforms to receive customer feedbacks enables them to understand the customers well. CRM and Competitive Advantage: The main reason why CRM was introduced in the business strategies is to attain competitive advantage. As the old saying goes, Customer is the King. This approach makes sure that each customer feels having a centralized relationship with the organisation. A proper CRM gives the firm the chance to know, understand the customers. It helps in identifying their needs, queries and concerns (Chiang, 2012). Example- McDonald has developed marketing policy under which customers interaction is central point. McDonald has developed customer based information system under which customers loyalty points were traced, discounts offers are provided to customers. Advantages of operational CRM are as follows- Automation of sales promotion- It can be analysed that CRM is used attracts more customers by employing CRM strategies. It includes follow up with customers and converts sale lead into actual sale. Service automation- Under CRM system, customer history is maintained so that each and every aspect related to customer can be maintained. For example, maintaining database of customer can be easily reached and can be used in decision making process of business organisation. Case Study CRM by Dominos Pizza, India Dominos Pizza, one of the leading pizza suppliers in the world has used the following CRM practises that has enabled them gain their competitive advantage over others in the market. Operational Perspective: Special offers and regular offers round the clock for all customers Home delivery specialists with 30 min free delivery targets Dominos WOW Club Cost effective pizzas and weekend offers User friendly ordering cancellation process Healthy pizza and low fat and cheese pizzas Feel good ambience, special party and corporate spaces and order intakes Analytical Perspective of CRM Customer relationship management can also be seen as source of data collection or information gathering. As business operation of every business organisation requires decision making so as to solve issues. In order to make correct and intelligent decisions management or managers requires certain information (Tereso and Bernardino, 2011). On the basis of these information decisions can be taken by business organisation. Analytical customer relationship management uses many techniques like data collection, data mining, data storing and other statistical techniques so that data related to customers can be used indecision making process. Customers are lifeline of business entity that can make or break any move of business organisation. Therefore it can be analysed that customer relationship management system can be used for generating useful information for decision making process of business entity (Smith, 2016). For example- Maintaining history (sales, address, items purchased, saving credit card, etc) of customers can be used to make interaction point for customers and try to increase sales. Another example of analytical CRM is to save time of customers by using customer database. Conclusion: A good CRM accurately assesses the relationships with the customers and gives the organization a clear view of what the customers truly want from it. Today, every customer has endless brands to choose from. A business needs to do more than what precisely it is supposed to. This enables the business to make a lasting impression that is valued by the customer. CRM tools make this process easy by providing crisp information that the organization needs to understand and appeal customers. With technology, the number of options available to the company for data mining is unlimited. Information is available in seconds with single clicks. Adoption of detailed CRM Policy, allocating budgets for CRM activities, approving the same at the Board level and quarterly review will ensure every organisation to be in tune with their customer base. References "Comparing CRM systems", 2015, Investment News, vol. 19, no. 37. Ajmera, J., Ahn, H., Nagarajan, M., Verma, A., Contractor, D., Dill, S. Denesuk, M. 2013, "A CRM system for social media: challenges and experiences", ACM, , pp. 49. Chiang, W. 2012, "To establish online shoppers' markets and rules for dynamic CRM systems", Internet Research, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 613-625. Chien, T.K., Ma, H.Y. Hou, K.L. 2015, "A Study for establishing ideal CRM system function structure", IEEE, , pp. 681. Khodakarami, F. Chan, Y.E. 2014, "Exploring the role of customer relationship management (CRM) systems in customer knowledge creation", Information Management, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 27-42. Pedron, C.D., Picoto, W.N., Dhillon, G. Caldeira, M. 2016, "Value-focused objectives for CRM system adoption", Industrial Management Data Systems, vol. 116, no. 3, pp. 526-545. Smith, L. 2016, "5 reasons predictive analytics make or break a CRM System", Database and Network Journal, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 17. Tereso, M. Bernardino, J. 2011, "Open Source CRM Systems for SMEs", International Journal of Managing Information Technology, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 41-56.

On September 1, 1939, The German Military Forces Invaded Poland Essays

On September 1, 1939, the German military forces invaded Poland to begin World War II. This invasion was very successful because of its use of a new military strategic theory -- blitzkrieg. Blitzkrieg, literally "lightning war," involved the fast and deadly coordination of two distinct forces, the Wermacht and the Luftwaffe. The Wermacht advanced on the ground, while the Luftwaffe destroyed the enemy air force, attacked enemy ground forces, and disrupted enemy communication and transportation systems. This setup was responsible for the successful invasions of Poland, Norway, Western Europe, the Balkans and the initial success of the Russian invasion. For many years after the first of September, the air war in Europe was dominated by the Luftwaffe. No other nation involved in the war had the experience, technology, or numbers to challenge the Luftwaffe's superiority. It was not until the United States joined the war effort that any great harm was done to Germany and even then, German air superiority remained unscathed. It was not until the advent of the North American P-51 Mustang fighter, and all of the improvements, benefits, and side effects that it brought with it, that the Allies were able to achieve air superiority over the Germans. Reasons for the Pre-P-51 Air Situation The continued domination of the European skies by the Luftwaffe was caused by two factors, the first of which was the difference in military theory between the Luftwaffe and the Royal Air Force. The theories concerning the purpose and function of the Luftwaffe and RAF were exactly opposite and were a result of their experiences in World War I. During WW I, Germany attempted a strategic bombing effort directed against England using Gothas (biplane bombers) and Zeppelins (slow-moving hot-air balloons) which did not give much of a result. This, plus the fact that German military theory at the beginning of WW II was based much more on fast quick results (Blitzkrieg), meant that Germany decided not to develop a strategic air force. The Luftwaffe had experienced great success when they used tactical ground-attack aircraft in Spain (i.e. at Guernica), and so they figured that their air force should mainly consist of this kind of planes. So Germany made the Luftwaffe a ground support force that was essentially an extension of the army and functioned as a long- range, aerial artillery. The RAF, on the other hand, had experimented with ground-attack fighters during WW I, and had suffered grievous casualty rates. This, combined with the fact that the British had been deeply enraged and offended by the German Gotha and Zeppelin attacks on their home soil, made them determined to develop a strategic air force that would be capable of bombing German soil in the next war. Thus, at the beginning of WW II, the RAF was mostly a strategic force that consisted of heavy bombers and backup fighters, and lacked any tactical dive- bombers or ground-attack fighters. (Boyne 21) The Pre-P-51 Situation Because of these fundamental differences, the situation that resulted after the air war began was: bombers in enemy territory vs. attack planes. The "in enemy territory" was the second reason for the domination of the Luftwaffe. At the beginning of WW II, and for many years afterward, the Allies had no long-range escort fighters, which meant that the bombers were forced to fly most of their long journeys alone. (Perret 104) Before the P-51 was brought into combat, the main Allied fighters were the American P-47 Thunderbolt and the British Spitfire, neither of which had a very long range. The rule-of-thumb for fighter ranges was that they could go as far as Aachen, which was about 250 miles from the Allied fighters' home bases in England, before they had to turn around. Unfortunately, most of the bombers' targets were between 400 and 700 miles from England. (Bailey 2-3) This meant that bombers could only be escorted into the Benelux countries, northern France, and the very western fringe of Germany. When these unescorted, ungainly, slow, unmaneuverable bombers flew over Germany, they were practically sitting ducks for the fast German fighters. On the other hand, the bombers were equipped with several machine guns and were able to consistently shoot down some of their attackers. Because of this, "U.S. strategists were not yet convinced of the need for long-range fighters; they continued to cling to the belief that their big bomber formations could defend themselves over Germany." (Bailey 153) The Allied Purpose in the Air War The Allies knew that they had to drive German industry into the ground in order to win the war. Since the factories, refineries, assembly-lines, and other industry-related structures were all inland, the